What I Learned At The English 110 Essay - 1125 Words

During my time spent in the English 110 I endured a writing style of APA that was barely introduced to me in high school. The most beneficial things I learned throughout my research process this year is the use of the writing center and librarians , the online databases, and the moodle forum post allowed me not only to succeed in English 110, but will give me beneficial techniques to use in future papers I will have to write. After receiving the prompt for a reflective research essay three, I began my writing process in a normal direction to starting an essay with simply brainstorming ideas. I started to think about which topic I d be most passionate writing about because for a shy person 1500 words is a lot to say about something you believe strongly in. When I was talking in class about possible research topics to Hunter and Marissa, I remembered last year I wrote a persuasive speech about tattoo stereotypes. I thought I d be an interesting topic for this essay as well, but narrow it further along the lines of tattoo stereotypes in the workplace and why they can cause unemployment depending on the certain profession. After deciding my direction I was going to go in I started to build up my proposal for my main points I wanted to talk about to support my claim. Also that day during class Dr. Detmering gave me a good idea that I could use in my counter argument. Which was talking about reasons why some pr ofessions can t accept people with tattoos because it ll affectShow MoreRelatedAssignment Questions On Teaching And New Perspective901 Words   |  4 PagesI chose to revise assignments number two and three because they were my two favorite assignments out of the three we did during the semester. I felt that they were unique in the sense that I had never been asked to do something like this in an English class before. 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The Strategic Planning Process Requires Effective...

SmartDraw -Communicate Visually Contents: ( arey ekada topics n page nos petuko) Introduction: SmartDraw is a visual processor used to create flow charts, organization charts, mind maps, project charts and other visuals. Developer(s): SmartDraw, LLC SmartDraw White Paper Description: The strategic planning process requires effective communication and clear thinking. Gathering and analyzing data from inside and outside of an organization and subsequently turning those data into information requires clear and concise communication between all of the involved parties. Likewise, taking the acquired information and developing an understanding of it such that appropriate strategies can be developed and actions taken requires extreme clarity of thought. The best way to synthesize data into information and information into strategy is by thinking and communicating visually during the planning process. SmartDraw is a visual processor used to create flow charts, organization charts, mind maps, project charts and other visuals. No matter what type of visual you need to create, SmartDraw has a quick-start template to help you create your graphic in minutes. The above diagrams give us a perfect scenario of all the functions which can be easily accessed by a user to make the different diagrams. This are the sample templates. A flowchart is a type of diagram thatShow MoreRelatedAn Explanation Of The Strategic Management Process1655 Words   |  7 Pagesexplanation of the strategic management process Defining the current business, establishing strategic objectives, formulating strategy, strategy implementation and execution. 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The assignment involved factors and behavior that contributed to our group. We determined that communication was the most important factor. The skills the group had to establish were a common goal, working together in small groups, and synergy. See Chapter

People Management and organizations

Question: Discuss about the People Management and organizations. Answer: Introduction Mechanism or the way of interaction of the individual within the organization can be considered as the organizatioal behavior of that employee. The concept is primarly concerned and applied with the development of the business corporations (Hislop, 2013). The core thought behind the concept of organizational behavior is the management of the human resource in such a manner that the company attains a high level of productivity and the pre-determined targets and goals. A well managed organizational behaviour allows the business corporation to work ethically and which will develop a strong consumer base and also there will be enhancement in the goodwill. The term organizational behavior also explains and determines the impacts and effects of this behavior the job and tasks performed, communication, ideas and innovation, motivation and leadership etc. The below presented report has been summarised and focused on the the case study of Cox's Container company which is one of the leading br and name in the sector of containers ranging from large metal road haulage to medium sized plastic boxes which have been utilized in the transportation of delicate goods (Renz, 2016). The main focus of the report will be on the manageement of the workforce within the business corporation, further the analysis of the problems confronting CCC in the short and long runhave been explained. Moreover suggesting solutions and recomendations care required over the mentioned problems. Problem Identification The below presented case study has been carried out for the identification of the problems and the issues which has come-up due to the miss-management and due to a change to be brought-up in the organizational structure aand culture. There is necissity of upgradation in the methodologies and procedures used in the business corporation so as to enhance the productivity of the company. The most of the problems has come-up due to the resistance seen in the employees. Also a sense of inequality has been observed within the organization which has de-motivated the other workforce. Analysis (Long an short term problems with Cox's Containers Company). The first most problem associated in the organizatin is of discrimination on the grounds of ethinicity. As mentioned in the case study two-third of the employees work in the production unit of the organization and majority of the jobs have been held by the individuals from the ethinic minoroties. Moreover the half of the minorities community in the corporation are working with the company from approx 10 years and most of the shop-floor employees have secured the senior positions (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). And so the production authority jealously guards the autonomy which is enjoyed under the long serving manager. This has developed a sense of inequality due to partial and biased behavior of the senior authorities. This has also made the other employees de-motivated and demoralised and which will decrease their productivity. This also leads to decrease in their dedication and performance level. The second problem faced by CCC is heavy and increasing competition which the company is suffering from the last five years. The company sales were resilient, the profits were going lower down due to the decrease in the margins. The competiton is a significant aspect and plays an important and influencing role in the organizational structure. The rivals directly or indirectly have great impacts on the sale, productivity, profitability and brand value of the business organization. Ain order to tackle against the rivals the entity needs to adapt a number of modern and developed plans and policies. Moreover a survey has been carried out the general manager on the company's operations and the survey was carried out by the the manager itself maintaining some secrecy (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014). As a result it has been found that the business organization is lacking effective operational and cost control mechanisms and also the developments and the rapid growth of the business corporation was developing a vaccum in financial and management accounting. And as a solution of that the business coporation need to carry out recruitment of managerial specialists. By developing a team of such experts the company will be able to increase the productivity, profitability and also the organization will be bridging the gap and the vaccum which was created by these issues. Improper communication process is also a very big problem which have been faced by Cox's containers company. There is a very big gap between the senior staff and the employees due to the improper communication chain (Berman and et al, 2012). This also effects a number of operational activities and also results in mis-management in many of the operational activities. Improper communication can also lead to the decrease in the brand image which will also lower down the goodwill of the firm. Moreover a resistance has been observed regarding the changes adopted by the managemeent system. The managers are about to bring some contemporary budgetry systems in the organizational structure so as to control the financial and management costs. The employees were observed not so keen towards the changes discussed in the meetings. So this also has rised as an issue infront of the business organization. As mentioned above there have been issues risen due to the ethinicity and regionalism. Most of the employees have leverage in their working pattern and a sense of partiallity have been observed within the organizational culture. Due to this partial behavior the workforce who are not under the minority group have become demoralised and de-motivated. And in future this will lead to rise in the conflicts and personal issues. Moreover this will also bring a decrease in the productivity of the business organization and which will become an another barrier in the track of attainment of the organizational goals (Brady, Ebbage and Lunn, 2013). All this togther leads in an increase in the percentage of abesentism of the employees and also employee turnover ratio will increase and which will result in an increase in the costs of operations and management as the business entity wil have to spend more on the retainment of the existing employees amd also to recruit the new employees. As per mentioned in the case study a new manager for the central administration department for the business firm has been appointed aof working at a local government taxation office. Thr first job assigned to te manager was to review all the accounting procedures of the business organization and also to develop new mechanisms for managing and maintaining the costs incurred in various expenses. The manager had a plan of segmenting the central administration department in two phases. The second phase was concerning the implementation of the of appropriate and relevant budget system which was to built for the replacement of the rather informal system in each and every operational departments. Each department is supposed to submit an annual report regarding the estimate of the annual expenditures to the treasurer of the business organization for approval. And for the last phase systematic scrutiny of all the operational activities and the procedures and implementation of the company's wi de information system and also this system allow all the departments to provide the information to the central admiistration department regarding the work in progress (Cummings and Worley, 2014). Further two managers were appointed and they were given task of building and developing the budget control system. A meeting has been organized for the managers so as to make them aware about the implementation of the new budgetry control system. During the meeting it was observed that n such issues wrere raied by te managers but no-body seemed so keen for the new operating system and also a confusion was created in the minds of the managers regarding the impacts of the current working system of the business corporation. Also there has been a number of complaints regarding one of the manager relating the lack of co-operation. The above discussed are the main problems of the Cox's Containers company. Alternatives. As mentioned above the first problem and the issues faced by the business organization is of discrimination and inequality on the basis of ethinicity. The organizational structure should follow an un-biased and impartial behavior, the authorities within the business corporation should have a sense of discipline and equality towards all the individuals (Feilder. 2013). The decisions taken by the superiors should be taken after considering all the true facts and the performance all the employees. For implementing these changes the business organization need to organize some kind of training sessions and group discussions in which the authorities should monitor that staff members of each and every religion and caste or ethinic groups has been participated and also the managers and the other superior authorities are also expected to show their iinterest and involvement. Some sought of fun activities and exercies related to learn co-operation and co-ordination are also required to be orga nized. The minor groups should be given priority, their involvement and feedbacks should be consiered as significant one. The second issue is heavy competition a very common but one of the most significant and crucial topic for a business organization. The term is to be considered as a very crucial task as the rivals are the most effecting factor which play an important role in influencing the price, demands, supply, market share and profiatability of the business corporation (McPheat. 2017). The sense of competition make the company to put its best efforts so as to secure its position in the market and also to survive in this competiting world. So as to remain in the race there are some of the strategies which should be implemented by the organizatons. The company needs to carry out a detailed analysis or develop a survey report about the rivals, this will make them aware about the plan, strategies and policies adapted by the competitors. A proper identification need to be done over the competitors. On the basis of these surveys the business organizations can develop the plans and strategies so as to t ackle with the competitors. And also the company can make improvements and rectifications in the process and procedures and modify their organizational structure and culture for enhancement in the productivity and profitablity. As mentioned in the case study there is less or no co-ordination between the employees and also there is gap between the communication process which leads to miss-management and number of issues and conflicts between the employees wthin the business organization. And in order to solve these issues the managers should organize for some kind of trust building activities, which will develop sense of co-operation and trust for each other and which will lead in building a stroong team. Modern and updated communication mechanisms and processes are required to be adapted by the seniors for bridging the communication gap (Hislop, 2013). Recommendations For developing a sense of equality the employees should be treated equally or it can be done on the basis of their performance level. This will make them feel their importance an they will work with more dedication and interest. This will also bring an enhancement in their productivity and development in their performance level. This inturn also benefits the business firm as tthis leads in attainment of the organizational goals and objectives. Moreover the business corporation can also impose some strict rule in favour of anti-discrimination, or can launch some campaigns for providing encouragment to the minor groups. Also laws can be imposed in the organizational culture for maintaining the sense of equality. Modern methods of communication process an of management should be implemented for solving the issues. Plan of Action A plan is required to be developed so as to make the recomendations work within the organization and the same has been mentioned as follows. The company needs to call-up for meeting which should include management staff and the middle and lower level employees and should consider the feedbacks as significant one of each and every employee. The plan and the actions to be taken should be implemented within the prescribed time i.e. 6 Months. As the plan is to make the employees understand the importance of the change in the structure hence the whole structure of the firm will be effected. Conclusion From the above carried out analysis it has been inferred that Cox's Containers Company is a manufacturing unit of different size and shape containers used for different purposes. The business organization are facing a number of long term and short term problems which have been discussed in details. The biggest issue faced is discrimination on the grounds of ethinicity. There is an un-biased behaviour which has been practiced by the managers. Moreover the company is facing a heavy competition range from the last five years and so as to avoid or tackle from the same the company is required to make necessary changes and make developments in the organizational culture. Moreover the firm is also suffering the problem of co-ordination among the employees an the managers or the senior authorities. And due to this a communication gap has developed in the organization and which impacts the operational activities of the organization. Further the solutions and recomendations over these problems have been suggested. References Hislop, D., 2013. Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Renz, D.O., 2016. The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management. John Wiley Sons. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Berman and et al, 2012. Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage. Brady, J., Ebbage, A. and Lunn, R., 2013. Environmental management in organizations: the IEMA handbook. Routledge. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Wolf, T., 2012. Managing a nonprofit organization: Updated twenty-first-century edition. Simon and Schuster. Feilder, E, 2013, Assessed on 3rd February 2017, https://www.halogensoftware.com/blog/the-importance-of-effective-people-management-to-the-success-of-hr-strategy. McPheat, S, 2017, Assessed on 3rd February, https://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/2235/what-is-people-management?page=1.

Fears and Phobias Essay Example For Students

Fears and Phobias Essay Part 1. Phobia 1. 1 Meaning of phobia. A  phobia  (from the  Greek:   ,  phobos, meaning fear or morbid fear) is an intense and persistent  fear  of certain situations, activities, things, animals, or people. The main symptom of this  disorder  is the excessive and unreasonable desire to avoid the feared stimulus. When the fear is beyond ones control, and if the fear is interfering with daily life, then a diagnosis under one of the  anxiety disorders  can be made. This is caused by what are called, neutral, unconditioned, and conditioned stimuli, which trigger either conditioned or unconditioned responses. An example would be a person who was attacked by a dog (the unconditioned stimulus) would respond with an unconditioned response. When this happens, the unconditioned stimulus of them being attacked by the dog would become conditioned, and to this now conditioned stimulus, they would develop a conditioned response. If the occurance had enough of an impact on this certain person then they would develop a fear of that dog, or in some cases, an irrational fear of all dogs. Phobias are the most common form of  anxiety disorders. An  American  study by the  National Institute of Mental Health  (NIMH) found that between 8. 7% and 18. 1% of Americans suffer from phobias. Broken down by age and gender, the study found that phobias were the most common  mental illness  among women in all age groups and the second most common illness among men older than 25. Phobias are not generally diagnosed if they are not particularly distressing to the patient and if they are not frequently encountered. If a phobia is defined as impairing to the individual, then it will be treated after being measured in context by the degree of severity. A large percent of the American population is afraid of public speaking, which could range from mild uncomfortability, to an intense anxiety that inhibits all social involvement. Phobias are generally caused by an event recorded by the amygdala and hippocampus and labeled as deadly or dangerous; thus whenever a specific situation is approached again the body reacts as if the event were happening repeatedly afterward. Treatment comes in some way or another as a replacing of the memory and reaction to the previous event perceived as deadly with something more realistic and based more rationally. In reality most phobias are irrational, in the sense that they are thought to be dangerous, but in reality are not threatening to survival in any way. Some phobias are generated from the observation of a parents or siblings reaction. The observer then can take in the information and generate a fear of whatever they experienced. 1. 2 Causes Phobias are known as an emotional response learned because of difficult life experiences. Generally phobias occur when fear produced by a threatening situation is transmitted to other similar situations, while the original fear is often repressed or forgotten. The excessive, unreasoning fear of water, for example, may be based on a childhood experience of almost drowning. The individual attempts to avoid that situation in the future, a response that, while reducing anxiety in the short term, reinforces the association of the situation with the onset of anxiety. 1. 3 Clinical phobias Psychologists  and  psychiatrists  classify most phobias into three categories  and, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), such phobias are considered to be sub-types of  anxiety disorder. The three categories are: Social phobia- fears involving other people or social situations such as performance anxiety or fears of embarrassment by scrutiny of others, such as eating in public. Overcoming social phobia is often very difficult without the help of therapy or support groups. Social phobia may be further subdivided into generalized social phobia  (also known as  social anxiety disorder  or simply  social anxiety) and specific social phobia, in which  anxiety  is triggered only in specific situations. The symptoms may extend to psychosomatic manifestation of physical problems. For example, sufferers of  paruresis  find it difficult or impossible to urinate in reduced levels of privacy. This goes far beyond mere preference: when the condition triggers, the person physically cannot empty their bladder. Specific phobias   fear of a single specific  panic trigger  such as  spiders,  snakes,  dogs,  water,  heights, flying, catching a specific illness, etc. Many people have these fears but to a lesser degree than those who suffer from specific phobias. People with the phobias specifically avoid the entity they fear. Agoraphobia   a generalized fear of leaving home or a small familiar safe area, and of possible  panic attacks  that might follow. May also be caused by various specific phobias such as fear of open spaces, social embarrassment (social agoraphobia), fear of contamination (fear of germs, possibly complicated by  obsessive-compulsive disorder) or  PTSD  (post traumatic stress disorder) related to a trauma that occurred out of doors. Phobias vary in severity among individuals. Some individuals can simply avoid the subject of their fear and suffer relatively mild anxiety over that fear. Others suffer full-fledged panic attacks with all the associated disabling symptoms. Most individuals understand that they are suffering from an irrational fear, but they are powerless to override their initial panic reaction. 1. 4 Treatments Various methods are claimed to treat phobias. Their proposed benefits may vary from person to person. Some therapists use  virtual reality  or imagery exercise to  desensitize  patients to the feared entity. These are parts of  systematic desensitization  therapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy  (CBT) can be beneficial. Cognitive behavioral therapy lets the patient understand the cycle of negative thought patterns, and ways to change these thought patterns. CBT may be conducted in a group setting. Gradual desensitisation treatment and CBT are often successful, provided the patient is willing to endure some discomfort. In one clinical trial, 90% of patients were observed with no longer having a phobic reaction after successful CBT treatment. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing  (EMDR) has been demonstrated in peer-reviewed clinical trials to be effective in treating some phobias. Raging Waters EssayThe facial expression of fear includes the widening of the eyes (out of anticipation for what will happen next); the pupils dilate (to take in more light); the upper lip rises, the brows draw together, and the lips stretch horizontally. The physiological effects of fear can be better understood from the perspective of the sympathetic nervous responses (fight-or-flight), as compared to the parasympathetic response, which is a more relaxed state. Muscles used for physical movement are tightened and primed with oxygen, in preparation for a physical fight-or-flight response. Perspiration  occurs due to blood being shunted from bodys  viscera  to the peripheral parts of the body. Blood that is shunted from the viscera to the rest of the body will transfer, along with oxygen and nutrients, heat, prompting perspiration to cool the body. When the stimulus is shocking or abrupt, a common reaction is to cover (or otherwise protect) vulnerable parts of the anatomy, particularly the face and head. When a fear stimulus occurs unexpectedly, the victim of the fear response could possibly jump or give a small start. The persons heart-rate and heartbeat may quicken. 2. 4 Causes People develop specific fears as a result of learning. This has been studied in psychology as  fear conditioning, beginning with John B. Watsons Little Albert experiment  in 1920. In this study, an 11-month-old boy was conditioned to fear a white rat in the laboratory. The fear became generalized to include other white, furry objects. In the real world, fear can be acquired by a frightening traumatic accident. For example, if a child falls into a well and struggles to get out, he or she may develop a fear of wells, heights (acrophobia), enclosed spaces (claustrophobia), or water (aquaphobia). There are studies looking at areas of the brain that are affected in relation to fear. When looking at these areas (amygdala), it was proposed that a person learns to fear regardless of whether they themselves have experienced trauma, or if they have observed the fear in others. In a study completed by Andreas Olsson, Katherine I. Nearing and Elizabeth A. Phelps the amygdala were affected both when subjects observed someone else being submitted to an aversive event, knowing that the same treatment awaited themselves, and when subjects were subsequently placed in a fear-provoking situation. This suggests that fear can develop in both conditions,not just simply from personal history. Although fear is learned, the capacity to fear is part of  human nature. Many studies have found that certain fears (e. g. animals, heights) are much more common than others (e. g. flowers, clouds). These fears are also easier to induce in the laboratory. This phenomenon is known as  preparedness. Because early humans that were quick to fear dangerous situations were more likely to survive and reproduce, preparedness is theorized to be a genetic effect that is the result of  natural selection. The experience of fear is affected by historical and cultural influences. For example, in the early 20th Century, many Americans feared  polio, a disease that cripples the body part it affects, leaving that body part immobilized for the rest of ones life. There are also consistent cross-cultural differences in how people respond to fear. Display rules  affect how likely people are to show the facial expression of fear and other emotions. 2. 5 Neurobiology The  amygdala  is a key  brain  structure in the neurobiology of fear. It is involved in the processing of negative emotions (such as fear and anger). Researchers have observed hyperactivity in the amygdala when patients who were shown threatening faces or confronted with frightening situations. Patients with a more severe social phobia showed a correlation with increased response in the amygdala. Studies have also shown that subjects exposed to images of frightened faces, or faces of people from another race exhibit increased activity in the amygdala. The fear response generated by the amygdala can be mitigated by another brain region known as the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, located in the  frontal lobe. In a 2006 study at Columbia University, researchers observed that test subjects experienced less activity in the amygdala when they  consciously  perceived fearful stimuli than when they  unconsciouslyperceived fearful stimuli. In the former case, they discovered the rostral anterior cingulate cortex activates to dampen activity in amygdala, granting the subjects a degree of emotional control. The role of the amygdala in the processing of fear-related stimuli has been questioned by research upon those in which it is bilateral damaged. Even in the absence of their amygdala, they still react rapidly to fearful faces. Suppression of amygdala activity can also be achieved by pathogens. Rats infected with the  toxoplasmosis  parasite become less fearful of cats, sometimes even seeking out their urine-marked areas. This behavior often leads to them being eaten by cats. The parasite then reproduces within the body of the cat. There is evidence that the parasite concentrates itself in the amygdala of infected rats. Conclusion We have come to the conclusion that: †¢ The meaning of fears and phobias are very close fears and phobias appear because of different reasons, happened to people †¢ feeling of fear is a defending reaction of our body to some shocking situations Resourses Bourke, Joanna,  Fear: a cultural history, Virago (2005) Duenwald, Mary. The Physiology of Facial Expressions,  Discover magazine, v. 26, n. 1, January 2005 Gardner, Dan,  Risk: The Science and Politics of Fear, Random House, Inc . , 2008. ISBN 0771032994 Krishnamurti, Jiddu,  On Fear, Harper Collins,  ISBN 0-06-251014-2  (1995) Robin, Corey,  Fear: the history of a political idea, Oxford University Press (2004) www. wikipedia. com

Buddha Image in Asian Art Work

Buddha image is one of the most prominent and the origin of Asian art work. This image is inclined more towards Buddhist religion which most Hindu’s believe (Krishan 62). Before Buddha image came in to existence, Buddhist never used to worship images or forms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Buddha Image in Asian Art Work specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The man behind the religion was called Buddha Vakali and he was devoted to teaching people concerning this religion. He taught them against worshiping images since he made them believe that God was formless (Coomaraswamy para. 8) Until the 1st century AD, Buddhist followers remained faithful to his teachings and never used to worship the Buddha image. However, after Buddha Vakali passed on, some of his followers were worried that he would never come back. One of the Buddha’s disciples Maudgalyayana invested magic and sent some thirty two artists up to heaven in order to capture the image of the god Buddha used to teach them about. It is therefore believed that the author of Buddha image was Shakyamuni, one of the artists sent to heaven by Maudgalyayana who can be considered as the patron of this art work. When Shakyamuni together with the other thirty one artists went to heaven, they captured the image and the likeness of Buddha in a five feet figure curved out of sandalwood. When they returned from heaven, it is recorded that the image was such perfect that it rose up to greet Shakyamuni. It is said that the first person start worshiping this image contrary to Buddha teachings was king Vadya of Vatsa, yet he was a very devoted follower (Coomaraswamy para. 8). Since the first Buddha image was curved, many artists have curved and painted a variety of images according to a person’s belief of how Buddha is supposed to look. Most of these images resemble human beings whereby their major purpose is worship and continuity of the religion (Krishan 62). Buddha images are usually made for Buddha followers and they are usually kept in their houses of worship to ensure that every person is in a position to worship without limit. The first Buddha image was curved in sandalwood though this has been changing with time (Coomaraswamy para. 8). Today, most of these images are made of precious stones though there is a wide variety of wooden images since the image is regarded with a lot of respect due to its religious significance. However, most artists have turned this in to business whereby they finance projects for making Buddha images after which they sell them in order to recover their money as well as making some profits.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People have come up with various postures of Buddha sculptures depending on the belief of the events that took place in his life on a particular. There are seven postures of the image representing the events that took place each day (Thong para. 1). All the Buddha images carry the message of Buddha’s superiority as the only image that should be worshipped on land. Most Buddhists have responded positively to the work of the first person who came up with this image since they have continued worshiping the image and it has spread out to many parts of Asia. The various Buddha images are a great investment in Asian Art work. Their popularity across the world has enabled many people see the potential that lies among Asians and their ability to communicate through art. Apart from Buddha images, Asian artwork is recognized worldwide and generates a lot of revenue to the Asians both locally and across the geographic boundaries. Work Cited Coomaraswamy, Anada. Origin of Buddha Image. Controversial History, 2009. Web. http://controversialhistory.blogspot.com/2009/03/origin-of-buddha-image.html Krishan, Yuvraj. The Buddha Image: Origin and Development. New Delhi, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 1996. Print. Thong, Ang. Buddha Images for the Seven Days of the Week. Buddha Images, 2011. Web. http://www.buddha-images.com/seven-days.asp This essay on Buddha Image in Asian Art Work was written and submitted by user Jaylee Craig to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biography of Frank Stella, American Painter and Sculptor

Biography of Frank Stella, American Painter and Sculptor Frank Stella (born May 12, 1936) is an American artist known for developing a Minimalist style that rejected the emotionality of Abstract Expressionism. His earliest celebrated works were painted in black. Throughout his career, Stella shifted to a more exuberant use of color, shapes and curving forms. He calls his artistic development an evolution from Minimalism to Maximalism. Fast Facts: Frank Stella Occupation: ArtistKnown For: Developing both the Minimalist and Maximalist artistic stylesBorn: May 12, 1936 in Malden, MassachusettsEducation: Princeton UniversitySelected Works: Die Fahne Hoch! (1959), Harran II (1967)Notable Quote: What you see is what you see. Early Life Born in Malden, Massachusetts, Frank Stella grew up in a well-to-do Italian-American family. He attended the prestigious Phillips Academy, a prep school in Andover, Massachusetts. There, he first encountered the work of abstract artists Josef Albers and Hans Hoffman. The school had its own art gallery with works by multiple prominent American artists. After graduating from high school, he attended Princetown University as a history major. Picture as Object: The 1950s and Early 1960s After college graduation in 1958, Frank Stella moved to New York City. He didnt have a specific plan in mind. He merely wanted to create things. While creating his own works, he labored part-time as a house painter. Stella rebelled against abstract expressionism at its peak of popularity. He was interested in Barnett Newmans color field experiments and Jasper Johns target paintings. Stella considered his paintings objects instead of a representation of something physical or emotional. He said that a painting was a flat surface with paint on it, nothing more. In 1959, Stellas black-striped paintings were positively received by the New York art scene. The Museum of Modern Art in New York City included four Frank Stella paintings in its landmark 1960 exhibition Sixteen Americans. One of those was The Marriage of Reason and Squalor, a series of black inverted parallel U-shapes with stripes separated by thin lines of blank canvas. The title is in part a reference to Stellas living conditions at the time in Manhattan. Despite the appearance of precise regularity in his black paintings, Frank Stella did not use tape or outside devices to create straight lines. He painted them freehand, and a close inspection reveals some irregularities. Stella was suddenly a prominent artist before age 25. He was one of the first painters branded a Minimalist for his view of art as an end in itself. In 1960, with the Aluminum series, Stella worked with his first shaped canvases that abandoned the traditional squares and rectangles used by painters. Throughout the 1960s, he continued to experiment with more colors in his paintings and canvases in shapes other than squares or rectangles. The geometrically-shaped canvases were a feature of the Copper Paintings (1960-1961). They included another innovation. Stella used a special boat paint designed to inhibit the growth of barnacles. In 1961, he created a Benjamin Moore series named after the brand of house paint used. It impressed Andy Warhol so much that the pop artist bought all of the pieces. The Leo Castelli Gallery in New York presented Stellas first one-person show in 1962. In 1961, Frank Stella married the art critic Barbara Rose. They divorced in 1969. Sculptural Painting and Printing: Late 1960s and 1970s In the late 1960s, Stella began working with master printer Kenneth Tyler. He added printmaking to his continued explorations in painting. Tyler encouraged Stella to create his first prints by filling Magic Markers, Stellas favorite drawing tool, with lithography fluid. His prints were as innovative as his paintings. He incorporated screen-printing and etching in his techniques for creating prints. Frank Stella continued to paint, too. Stella added wood, paper, and felt to a painted canvas and called them maximalist paintings because of their three-dimensional elements. His works began blurring the distinctions between painting and sculpture. Despite the wide range of three-dimensional shapes incorporated into his pieces, Stella said that sculpture is just a painting cut out and stood up somewhere. Frank Stella designed the set and costumes for the 1967 dance piece Scramble choreographed by Merce Cunningham. As part of the set, he stretched fabric banners on moveable poles. It created a three-dimensional rendering of his famous stripe paintings. In 1970, the Museum of Modern Art presented a retrospective of Frank Stellas work. In the 1970s, building upon the bright colors of the late-1960s Protractor series and his seminal piece Harran II, Stellas works were more and more exuberant in style with curving forms, Day-Glo colors, and idiosyncratic brushstrokes that looked like scribbles. Frank Stella married Harriet McGurk, his second wife, in 1978. He has five children from three relationships. Monumental Sculptures and Later Work: 1980s and Later Music and literature influenced much of Stellas later work. In 1982-1984, he created a series of twelve prints titled Had Gaya inspired by a folk song sung at the Jewish Seder. From the mid-1980s through the mid-1990s, Frank Stella created multiple pieces related to Herman Melvilles classic novel Moby Dick. Each piece was inspired by a different chapter in the book. He used a wide variety of techniques, creating works that range from giant sculptures to mixed-media prints. A long-time fan of automobile racing, Stella painted a BMW for the Le Mans race in 1976. That experience led to the early 1980s series Circuits. The individual titles are taken from the names of famous international car race tracks. By the 1990s, Stella also began creating large free-standing sculptures for public places as well as architectural projects. In 1993, he designed all of the decoration for Torontos Princess of Wales Theatre, including a 10,000-square-foot mural. Frank Stella continued to innovate in the 1990s and the 2000s, using the technology of computer-aided drafting and 3-D printing to design his sculptures and architectural proposals. Legacy Frank Stella is considered one of the greatest living artists. His innovations in minimalist style and incorporations of bright colors and three-dimensional objects have influenced generations of contemporary American artists. He was a primary influence on prominent color field artists including Dan Flavin, Sol LeWitt, and Carl Andre. The architects Frank Gehry and Daniel Libeskind also count Stella as a crucial influence. Sources Auping, Michael. Frank Stella: A Retrospective. Yale University Press, 2015.Stella, Frank. Working Space. Harvard University Press, 1986.

How to change the face of conflict Research Paper

How to change the face of conflict - Research Paper Example The definition of political conflict becomes more critical when armed combats are involved in the forces of at least one state to gain control over other states and when at least 1000 people are killed in such political conflict, it is identified as Armed Conflict (Dani, 2009). Historically, many conflicts have arises in the form of civil wars for the possession of vital resources such as water, metals like gold, silver, copper, petroleum and many more since 17th and 18th centuries from the commencement of World War I. During the last decade, many of such conflicts took place in Liberia, Sierra, Somalia, Sudan, Chechnya, Chiapas, Congo and Indonesia driven by the struggle of parties involved to take control over critical resources. Such resource conflicts are becoming more prominent and frequencies are also increasing as the demand for such scarce resources are exceeding the supply of the same. Competition to surmount the valuable oil supplies and pipeline routs is the source of conflict in 21st century. With the growing demand of oil and declining capacity of supply from the United States, Mexico and China, the concentration is shifting towards Gulf countries, South America and Africa. According to the experts’ opinion, the rivalry for oil was init iated in 1991 with Persian Gulf Conflict which is still continuing with the invasion of Iraq in 2003. For further complications, incidents such as attacking the inhabitants who resides near the major oil producing fields and pipeline locations from guerrillas and terrorists have been experienced in recent economy (Connaughton, 2013). Conflict gives rise to the economic divergence in international landscape. From Sierra to Angola and Cambodia, conflicts to surmount control over scarce resources leads armies and militants to violate human rights by the means of murder, rape and other violent measures imposed on civilians. For instance, countries like Democratic Republic of Congo